The industrial development in Japan after World War II Essay

The modern improvement in Japan after World War II - Essay Example Japan is supposed to be the chief exchanging and mechanically producing nation of the world. Before the world war II Japan was the focal point of a domain that now and again included Taiwan, Korea, Manchuria, quite a bit of eastern China, southern Sakhalin Island, and the Marshall and Mariana islands of the southwest Pacific Ocean.After the Meiji Restoration of 1868, the new government propelled a decided drive to build up a cutting edge modern economy moored in Western science and innovation. Current frameworks of training and banking were made. The legislature financed and worked new assembling, mining, and transportation adventures, and as they turned out to be industrially suitable it offered them to private interests. Proceeded with government bolster prompted the improvement after the 1890s of enormous scope, family-based ventures (zaibatsu) in banking, transportation, and substantial enterprises identified with weapon creation. Energetic private activity incited shopper busine sses, for example, textiles.During the 1920s and 1930s, Japan's enterprises developed consistently in assortment and specialized development. Produced merchandise, for example, concrete, steel, bikes, basic modern hardware, substance manures, and prepared nourishments picked up in significance. Electric force age likewise expanded forcefully during this period. Despite these turns of events, the Japanese economy just before World War II was still in reverse in numerous regards. Complex apparatus, synthetic substances, and refined metals must be imported.... 2,000,000 of its kin had kicked the bucket in the war, 33% of them regular people. Air assaults had crushed its urban communities, and at any rate 13 million Japanese were destitute. Industry was at a halt, and even ranch yield had declined. Numerous Japanese wore clothes and were half-starved. All were intellectually and genuinely depleted. Without precedent for its history, Japan was a vanquished country involved by an outside force. These days, we can see a novel Japan painful with vitality and aspirations. Its economy is considered as a part of the top most economies of the world. The populace has gotten well-to-do and the nation's fundamental islands are associated along with a system of passages and extensions projectile trains continue running at a speed of around 195 kilometers for each hour. Thriving made new difficulties, be that as it may. The cost for Japan's prosperity included touchy urban development and congestion, water and air contamination, and harm to a significant number of the country's beautiful fortunes. Slopes were hacked down for production line locales or home-destinations, while mountains were destroyed by parkways to oblige city visitors. For a period, Mount Fuji, Japan's most noteworthy mountain top nearly vanished from sight as a result of brown haze made by production lines and vehicles. Today, that brown haze is gone, on account of a portion of the world's most thorough norms for auto discharges and modern air contamination. In different zones, Japan despite everything battles to offset advancement with ecological security. It was once anticipated that Japan would turn into the world's biggest economy by 2000, however the image has changed drastically. Japan's land and securities exchanges fallen in 1989-92, starting the longest downturn since World War II. The economy stays powerless regardless of tax breaks and enormous government spending. However trade arranged Japan despite everything runs a

The Socio-Cultural impacts of late night tourists on residents of Ayia Essay

The Socio-Cultural effects generally night travelers on inhabitants of Ayia Napa - Essay Example After the 1974 war in Cyprus, Ayia Napa has created from being a little angling town to one of Europe’s best goals. During the time it has encountered a blend of changes in the travel industry socioeconomics, by drawing in guests inspired by the nearby culture twenty years prior to guests who are generally keen on clubbing now. This new inflow of mass the travel industry has influenced the socio-social way of life of the town. Late night sightseers are the guests who come to Ayia Napa for clubbing and diversion predominantly. The quantity of the youthful sightseers has rose in the most recent decades. Page and Connel (2009) contend that Sociocultural effects are legitimately related with the host network of the goal and happen when travelers cause changes to the individual conduct, social connections, culture, way of life and worth frameworks of local people. Mathieson and Wall (1982) just as Wolf (1977) concur and furthermore express that the socio-social effects are the various impacts that voyagers have on the host networks. Cooper et al (2008) note that the socio-social effects can be both, positive and negative. Divider and Mathieson (2008) guarantee that the vast majority of the effects are negative as opposed to the financial effects that travel industry can have on a host goal. Affeld (1975, refered to in Wall and Mathieson, 2008) contends that the social and social effects of the travel industry fall into three classifications; the vacationer, the host and traveler have interrelationships. Fox (1977, refered to in Wall and Mathieson, 2008, pp. 220) states that â€Å"The social and social effects of the travel industry are the manner by which the travel industry is adding to changes in esteem frameworks, singular conduct, family structure and connections, aggregate ways of life, security levels, moral direct, innovative articulations, customary functions and network organisations†. Goeldner and Ritchie (2006) takes note of that nearby people groups mentalities and method of life is dictated by the way guests

3 Essay Anthologies That Arent About Writing

3 Essay Anthologies That Arent About Writing I love reading essays by writers I know and love (and writers Ive never heard of). Its fascinating to get to spend a few pages inside a writers own head, rather than with their characters, or to read the prose of a writer whom I primarily know through their poetry. I also love reading about writing itselfâ€"theres something comforting about seeing my own struggles and frustrations with the art reflected on the page, in the words of published authors. But though I love a good anthology of Writers on Writing, its the books with (hypothetical) titles like Writers on Baseball, Writers on Climate Change, or Writers on Their Favorite Childhood Games that really catch my eye. Writers, after all, are whole people, with varied lives and interests. When they offer up their thoughts and opinions on everything from nature to fashion to pop music to cookingâ€"in the form of beautiful and thought-provoking essays, I count it as a gift. Here are three incredible essay anthologies Ive enjoyed recently, in which a whopping total of 51 writers share their insight on three very different topics: race, rereading books, and not having kids. Selfish, Shallow Self-Absorbed: Sixteen Writers on the Decision Not to Have Kids, edited by Meghan Daum Essays (and nonfiction books of all kinds) about pregnancy, childbirth, and parenthood are not hard to find. It is hard to find the opposite: books about people who have chosen not to have kids. Being childless by choice, especially for women, is still looked upon with concern, confusion, and sometimes outright hostility. In these brilliant, moving, funny, and thoughtful essays, sixteen writers delve right into that taboo. With honesty and heart, they discuss their reasons for choosing not to have children. What I love most about this collection is the wide diversity of experience these writers represent. Some of them agonized over the decision; some knew since childhood that they did not want to be parents. Some of the essays are deeply personal; others explore the cultural idea that motherhood=womanhood, and how this is damaging for everyone. As someone who has always felt ambivalent toward motherhood, the kinship and familiarity I felt reading these essays was a refreshing change. I could not put this book down. Rereadings: Seventeen Writers Revisit Books They Love, edited by Anne Fadiman I fell in love Ex Libris, Anne Faidmans ode to books, when I first read it in high school. Rereadings, in which an array of adult writers reread books they loved as children or teens, is just as lovely. The essays vary widelyâ€"some leaning more toward literary criticism and some toward more personal narrativeâ€"but all of them capture the profundity of the impact certain books can have on our lives. Whether discussing Pride and Prejudice or the lyrics on the back of Sgt. Pepper, these essays are all delightful, insightful, and moving in their own way. This is a book about reading, but more than that, its a book about how we change over the course of our lives, using books as lens to track and explore those changes. The Fire This Time: A New Generation Speaks About Race, edited by Jesmyn Ward With essays from such literary giants as Claudia Rankine and  Edwidge Danticat (among many others), this is a must-read anthology for everyone striving to understand Americas past and present. Conceived as a response to Baldwins classic 1963 The Fire Next Time, these moving and powerful essays explore race and racism through the varying perspectives and experiences of their authors. As a whole, the collection speaks both to the trauma caused by American racism and to the possibility of a more hopeful future. I found myself copying down copious passages as I was reading it; its one of those books that Ive come back to again and again. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Marital Lessons from Ibsens a Dolls House Argumentative Essays

A marriage is a life time commitment between two people to share their lives and experiences as companions. In the least sense, this is what most people hope would happen when they commit to spent the rest of their lives together. It is a commitment and efforts between two people to be true to each other and support and love each other without any conditions whether in good times or bad times.   Though, there are many characteristics associated to marriage, I feel, three are most important and define what a good marriage is, and are, trust, respect, and communication. These characteristics lay the foundation for a successful marriage. With regard to these qualities, it is of my opinion that the marriage between Torvald and Nora in Ibsen are A Doll’s House does not meet the threshold of a good marriage. A Doll’s House which is a play by Henrik Ibsen is a good example of a marriage that didn’t work.   The major factors that contribute to a good marriage are clearly lacking from the play. Ibsen paints a gloomy picture of the sacrifices women undergo in marriages. Women of all economic classes continuously sacrifice their integrity but rarely do men do the same. The dehumanizing oppression and social struggle of women, especially those from middle class families can be clearly seen from the play. The play and   revolves around Torvald and Nora Helmer, who lives as husband and wife and the two are unable to enjoy marital bliss because their marriage is fraught with many problems. The marriage between the two did not have the requisite balance for it to be successful.   Qualities that make marriages work can only be cultivated if the relationship is based on love.   Even though that of the two was at first based on love, the case did to remain the same as the marriage progressed.   Nora was not truly loved by Torvald. To Torvald, Nora was just another child to mind.   This can be clearly seen from his statement when he says, â€Å"And I wouldnt want you to be any different from what you are-just my sweet little song bird. But now I come to think of it, you look rather-rather-how shall I put it? -rather as if youve been up to mischief today† (152).   It is clear that Torvald does not love his wife as seen from the disrespectful names like ‘squirrel’ and ‘spendthrift’ he uses to describe her.   Respect is a key factor in good marriages and by using these terms, it just shows how insensitive and disrespectful he was to wards his wife.   The way he managed his house is also a sign of his lack of love and respect. To him, he owned a doll house which was perfect according to his belief.   Even though the doll house initially belonged to his father in law, he got possession of its title deed after marrying Nora. He ensured that he maintained a firm control over the doll house by manipulating Nora and the children. His marriage was eventually ruined as a result of his overbearing attitude and lack of love. For a union between two people to be deemed successful, communication is a very essential component. One partner should not expect the other one to read their mind. Breakdown in communication can have grave implications on a marriage and it may end up breaking.   It is therefore necessary that couples share their thoughts, likes and dislikes as much as possible. For example, before the wife goes out to pay the water bill, the husband should be aware of the amount of money needed. In the same sense, it is good for a husband to inform his wife when he is going out to have beer or just entertainment in a club. In a good marriage, if one is informed by the partner of his or her intentions to borrow money to solve an issue at hand, the decision is fully supported and conflicts are reduced, but the possibility of this happening in Nora and Torvald’s marriage is unlikely since due to the stubbornness of Torvald when it comes to money. To Torvald, he is a powerful doll master and ca nnot allow himself to accept help form his dolls whom he viewed as unintelligent. It is clear that there is a lot of mistrust among the two as seen when Nora keeps secrets of debts from Torvald even though she came into debt after borrowing money which they used to go for a trip in Italy.   Torvald does also not respect his wife and treats her like a child when it comes to issues related to money.   The existence of mistrust works against them when the wife decides to leave him. If there had been proper communication between the two, conflicts would have been avoided but it can be seen that there was poor communication among the two, leading the wife to complain and say, â€Å"We have stayed together for eight years. Don’t you realize the it is high time the two of us sit together as man and wife and have a serious conversation regarding our lives† (224). Lack of communication builds mistrust in marriages and it is impossible for two people to stay together if they don’t trust each other.   If one partner feels like or she needs to constantly be checking on the other, the marriage is bound to fail, just it happened to Nora and Torvald. In conclusion, Ibsen’s play is a thoughtful analysis of the intricacies surrounding marriages and how marriages collapse as a result of factors that can be avoided.   A good marriage is one where two people love, respect each other and maintain a constant and genuine communication at all times. It is these ingredients that make couples enjoy their marriages to the fullest. These were missing from Nora and Torvald’s marriage and therefore it can be concluded that theirs was an example of a bad marriage. Work Cited: Isben, Henrik. The Doll House. Centennial Edition:   Signet Classics, 1879.

Pros And Cons Of Bosnian Genocide - 1643 Words

Often, there is conflict amongst states that escalates, eventually, into war. With these wars, comes death and immense devastation; devastation that takes form in many ways. The worst of them are the human rights violations that occur, leaving behind a pain that is often rarely treated or addressed. Through the approach, transitional justice, victims of these horrible crimes against humanity have a system that allows them to seek some form of justice. Focus on the Bosnian genocide will allow for one to see how a specific case of transitional justice was played out and the cons, along with pros, of the actions every actor took that either prolonged or stiffened the progression of peace and justice in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina and†¦show more content†¦The worse of them took place at Srebrenica, where seven thousand men and boys were murdered. The women were and children were separated; sending the women to rape camps where they were raped and tortured for months until pregnant. This all occurred in a town that was a â€Å"safe haven† according to the UN’s standards but, to most, never was but merely under the â€Å"weak† protection of the UN. The victims, which consisted of men, women, and children from as young as an infant to as old as the elderly were not spared. It is estimated that over one-hundred and forty thousand people were killed, twenty-thousand women were raped and over four million people were displaced. Till this day the bodies and location of those who disappeared are still being searched for throughout the state of Bosnia with around eight thousand people still missing from the war. Originally, the response from the international actors was to turn a blind eye to the atrocities that were occurring. The first photos illustrating the horrors that were occurring in Bosnia were brought to the public’s attention in 1992, yet the international community still refused to intervene, despite the outrage and similarity to the nineteen- forty-five holocaust. The plan was to, instead, make six safe zone areas that were to be monitored by peace keepers from the UN. But proved to be ineffective due to the of lack of weapons and the policy of no firingShow MoreRelatedEssay on Religion Causes War1486 Words   |  6 PagesRELIGION CAUSES WAR: PROS AND CONS There are many arguments and counter-arguments when discussing the topic of religion causing war. Many critics argue that throughout history, religion has been the single greatest source of human-caused wars, suffering, and misery. In the name of God (by whatever name), more suffering has been inflicted than by any other man-made cause. (Pro Side) Critics on the other side counter that modern secular ideological movements are actually responsible for much greaterRead MorePolicy1331 Words   |  6 PagesOctober that the traffic death rate dropped to a record low level in 1997. Moreover, the average fatality rate even fell in the states that raised their speed limits Apply the argument mapping procedures presented in Chapter 8 to analyze the pros and cons (or strengths and weaknesses) of the recommendations that the United States should not intervene in the Balkans. Write an analysis of 1-2 pages that uses critical thinking to assess the overall plausibility of the †¨claim: â€Å"TheRead MoreThe Infancy of Humanitarian Intervention1906 Words   |  8 Pagesmilitary action. The United Nation’s humanitarian intervention, and the principles of its military action, has shown time after time of its failures and successes in combating or escalating wide spread violence. In this study I will weigh the pros and cons of several conflicts where humanitarian intervention was deployed and decide if humanitarian intervention was a successful or unsuccessful procedure. By focusing on what is causing these complications in enforcing humanitarian intervention withinRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesthe communist victory of 1975 were ethnic Chinese. They were also highly overrepresented among those who were massacred or fled during the contemporaneous Khmer Rouge genocide in neighboring Cambodia. In Indonesia, Chinese residents have been persecuted and expelled for being, at 42 †¢ CHAPTER 1 different times, pro-Western imperialists, communists, and capitalist exploiters of the Indonesian masses. Tens of thousands of Hmongs who had been recruited by the Central Intelligence Agency

A Person Who I Admire Free Essays

A person who I admire A person who I admire is an interesting topic. I believe you can admire more than one person. A typical admiration I have seen is when people boy, are admiring a very famous singer, actor etc. We will write a custom essay sample on A Person Who I Admire or any similar topic only for you Order Now although it is typical, it is still a good admiration because you can use that person as your role model or idol. Fx. If your role model is a sportsman, then you can admire his performing skills, and maybe learn something from him or her. But trough my life I have admired many persons, friends, older people, teachers, etc. All these people have given me experiences and personal abilities which I have acquired with help from them. My opinion is that I cannot admire one person specially. When I admire someone I respect the person’s character. After my experience I also admire someone when I am in his presence. A person who can change a bad day to a good day, fx my mother. My mother is defiantly one of my top 3 list over admired persons. Just imagine without your mother you would not exist. Everyone should admire how housemothers are struggling to raise there children’s. I am indeed of her proud of my mother, it is because of her that I am that what I am today. When I always have been in a bad mood my mother opened up my minds to look at things in a different perspective. Fx when I has had a problem she shared her experiences with me and learned me to tackle every situation. Another important person who I likes to admire is my father. A father and a mother is an admirable couple that forms a basis of a children’s life. My parents are like advisers, I can talk to them when I need help. They are motivating me to achieve my goal. I promised myself when I grow older and start a family, i will tell my children’s about my childhood and how I admired my parents. At least my expectation for myself is that I can be a loved parent. I really hope that I will have the same kindness that my parents have. My parents taught me that I can have a good life in 2 ways. The first one is a life full of material comforts, good economy, good education, and high position in the society. The second one is life where you are satisfied with your life, and when you have a good family and good friends, but it doesn’t mean it is an opposite life where you live in extreme poorness you have some material comforts. But let’s say that you lose some money. Then you should not get sad and frustrated because there is something more important than money in our lives. I have a friend at my soccerteam. Once a time he told me about his childhood, and that before he came to Denmark he had lived in Afghanistan. He was 4 when he and his family escaped from war. He said that he lived a good life in Afghanistan. His father owned a company, and they have a good economic. But when the war started the family was forced to run away from the country. Now his father is a cleaner and his mother is on social society. But even though he had been through that he is still happy that he lives in peacefully Denmark. That’s a life my parents taught it is possible to live a life with happiness without being a millionaire. That is what I most admire my parents for, teaching me about life. I think every human on this planet should admire his parents and look up to them, am proud of being there child. Without my father I would not know how to be a man. No one can reprove me like my father. If a child grows up without a father he is missing some basic abilities. The same is if a girl child grows up without a mother something will be missing. My parents have done a lot to me, they have sacrified time, nerves, and energy just to raise me up, and I have not forgotten all that hard work. That’s why im not just admiring them but also respecting them when they are giving me orders. I am helping them with assignments. Finally I very appreciate them for after my opinion being the best parents for me. My parents are them who I admire most, I don’t know exactly why but your parents will always be there for you. A friend or some other randomly people are not the same as your parents. When you admire you parents they are admiring you too, that’s maybe not the same to other people. You like them but maybe they don’t like you. Even when my parents die I will remember them in my mind and there soul and goodness will still be living in me. How to cite A Person Who I Admire, Essay examples

The Dos and Don’ts of Email Greetings - The Writers For Hire

THE DOS AND DON’TS OF EMAIL GREETINGS In this day and age, it is not unusual to communicate with a client almost entirely by email. Emails are a quick and easy way to relay messages, and keep track of important information.  ­ Figuring out how to start an email (especially when you are sending it to someone you don’t know very well) can be a bit of a challenge, though. You don’t want to come off as too informal, but you also want to be sure your email makes you sound friendly and approachable. The actual greeting is not the only thing you need to worry about. The name you address a person by is equally important. After all, most people have strong feelings about their name preferences, and calling someone by the wrong name or title can immediately give the person a negative impression of you. And starting an email off with a generic greeting, like â€Å"To Whom it May Concern,† or â€Å"Dear Sir or Madam† gives a very impersonal feeling, and can make the reader feel like you have no idea who they are and are just sending a generic email. So, how do you know the best way to start an email? And what name should you use to address the person you are writing to? This great article from LADDERS explains the importance of using the right email greetings, and gives some great tips to help make your emails sound professional and friendly. While there are several greetings that they have deemed as acceptable, depending on who you are writing to and how well you know them, there was one greeting that they deemed the winner: a simple ‘Hi (name),†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ According to the article, this is the best greeting because it is a safe and familiar way to address someone, regardless of whether or not you know them. Plus, you can easily add formality to the greeting by using a â€Å"Mr.† or â€Å"Mrs.† title, followed by the person’s last name. While â€Å"Hi† was the overall winner in terms of which greeting to use, there were several greetings that the article advises against using. Some of them, such as â€Å"Hey†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"(first name)!!† are just too informal. And others, such as â€Å"Dear†¦,† can be too formal and impersonal. The article also warns against using too many exclamation marks, not verifying that you have the correct spelling of a person’s name, and using nicknames. Ultimately, when sending emails, your greeting should be something that addresses the specific person that you are sending the email to in a way that comes off as friendly and respectful, while not overly casual or laid back. And, perhaps most importantly, never send an email without a greeting.

Big Time Toymaker Essays - Contract Law, Contract, Mistake

Big Time Toymaker Essays - Contract Law, Contract, Mistake Big Time Toymaker LAW/421 November 10, 2014 Big Time Toymaker An agreement recognized by a court of law is called a contract. A binding contract is the result of an agreement, whether the agreement is verbal or written, providing certain requirements be met (Melvin, 2011). The purpose of contracts is to provide protection to both parties involved in the agreement. In this simulation, Chou had invented a revolutionary game, Strat, which had piqued the interest of Big Time Toymaker (BTT). Chou and BTT entered into an agreement that gave BTT exclusive rights to Chous inventory for the period of 90 days in exchange for a monetary transaction of $25,000 (Melvin, 2011). Evaluation of this particular situation will lead to the discovery of some of the pros and cons a contract can provide, how to determine if a contract is necessary in a situation, as well as a few remedies should a breach of contract occur. Contract Melvin (2011) stated, BTT was interested in distributing Strat and entered into an agreement with Chou whereby BTT paid him $25,000 in exchange for exclusive negotiation rights for a 90-day period. The exclusive negotiation agreement stipulated that no distribution contract existed unless it was in writing (p. 155). These are concrete terms that form a verbal agreement, which was held in place, that lead to the creation of a written agreement. Even though none of the e-mails exchanged between Chou and BTT ever actually contained the word contract, the e-mails clearly showed that all of the terms were agreed upon by both parties involved, which meets the requirements that outline a contract. Positive and Negative Facts of Agreement This particular simulation provides several facts that are in favor of and against Chou in terms of the parties objective intent to form a contract. The first fact in Chous favor is the first meeting where an agreement was made with BTT regarding the monetary exchange for exclusive negotiation rights. BTT sending over a follow-up e-mail that clearly stated their agreed upon terms was a second fact in favor of Chou, as well as the fax from BTT requesting that Chou create a draft for an actual contract. Chou also had in his favor the fact that both parties spent a notable amount of time acting under the agreed upon terms of the drafted contract. However, because the negotiation agreement stated that there would be no contract for distribution unless otherwise stated in writing, and BTTs e-mail that repeated the agreed upon terms did not contain signatures from either party, binding the contract, the oral negotiation agreement passed the 90-day deadline with no technical contract in pla ce. It was not until several months had passed that that BTT had requested a draft of a contract. Impact of E-mail Thanks to the evolution of technology, in the paperless world of electronic communications, a paper communication is no longer necessary to hold to the bond of an agreement. The e-mails exchanged between Chou and BTT outlines an agreement made by both parties based on the terms agreed upon in the meeting regarding distribution. Without the e-mail exchange identified as a contract by written words, it displays an acknowledgment by Chou and BTT of an existent contract. According to Melvin (2011), because the e-mail provided a senders name at the bottom of the message, the Mailbox rule applies, and the name is to be considered an electronic signature. Statute of Frauds Melvin (2011) states, Under the Uniform Commercial Code, the statute of frauds applies to any contract for the sale of goods for $500 or more, and any lease transaction for goods amounting to $1,000 or more (p. 151). Because the $25,000 was received by Chou under the negotiation agreement, the sale of goods should be considered for the Strat game. The electronic signature at the bottom of the e-mail from BTT to Chou is also considered, especially since the e-mail clearly stated the agreed upon terms. Chou could use the fact that the whole scenario was misleading because there was an exchange of money for goods, a verbal agreement, and an e-mail containing all of the elements of a contract. Doctrine of Mistake Melvin (2011) defines a mutual mistake as A mutual mistake may be the basis for canceling a contract (also

Vitamins May Hurt Your Health

Vitamins May Hurt Your Health MSN ran a feature about ConsumerLab.coms investigation into the purity of multivitamins. The lab looked at 21 brands of multivitamins for sale in the U.S. and Canada and found only 10 of these brands met the labeled claims or otherwise met quality standards. That doesnt have to mean anything earth-shattering. It could have been the other brands were close to meeting standards or had minor problems. However, the quality issues were ones that could actually hurt your health. The Vitamin Shoppe Multivitamins Especially for Women were found to be contaminated with lead. Now, lets put this in perspective. Several calcium supplements run the risk of lead contamination, because lead and calcium participate in many of the same chemical reactions and are difficult to separate. That trace amounts of lead would be present might be expected. However, ConsumerLab.com reported a daily dose of this mulitvitamin contained a whopping 15.3 micrograms of lead (more than ten times the amount permitted without a warning in California). To make matters worse, though you got some bonus lead for your bucks, you only got 54% of the stated levels of calcium. Another vitamin posed a different risk. Hero Nutritionals Yummi Bears, a kids multivitamin, contained 216% of the labeled amount of vitamin A in the retinol form [5,400 International Units (IU)], which is considerably higher than the upper limit set by the Institute of Medicine of 2,000 IU for kids ages 1 to 3 and 3,000 IU for kids ages 4 to 8. Vitamin A is one of the vitamins where more is not better. Instead, too much vitamin A can weaken bones and cause liver damage. Are these quality control issues? Yes, but I would have been surprised if the lab had found the vitamins met their stated claims. Why? For two reasons. First, vitamins arent regulated by the same standards as medicine. They are considered supplements and not drugs. Your best defense against this is to buy a product from nationally-recognized reputable source with an interest in protecting its good name. The other reason I wouldnt expect vitamins to contain exactly what is listed on the label is simple chemistry. Vitamins, by their very nature, are reactive. The quantities listed in a product will change over the course of its shelf life. Your main protection here is to not take vitamins past their expiration date. Should you take a multivitamin? Ask yourself whether the potential benefit outweighs the risk. If you are taking a major name brand multivitamin, you are probably getting approximately what is listed. Even then, expect some variation within the product and some degree of heavy-metal contamination with products that include minerals. These vitamins generally are safe, but dont take them automatically assuming they will help you.

Fashion photography and lens based images Essay

Fashion photography and lens based images - Essay Example The essay "Fashion photography and lens based images" analyzes the photography in fashion. Compared to other forms of photography, commercial photography is generally carried out by a photographer in order to sell the images. This stands in contrast to art based photography that is more aesthetic in character. Commercial photography in itself has diversified into a number of different applications that involve retail, wholesale and professional uses. Images are a powerful method of moving ideas from one person or situation to a wider audience. One of the more prominent features of images is their ability to carry the same idea to a wider audience. For this reason commercial photography has been used widely for advertising various kinds of themes and ideas. Perhaps one of the more distinguished forms of commercial photography in use for distributing ideas to the wider audience is fashion photography. Companies dealing with fashion products require for their products to be shown to the wider audience. Photography represents one of the easiest methods to move such ideas across the manufacturing table to the audience that actually wants to buy the product. However, unlike other forms of advertisements mired in photography, fashion photography tends to differ in more than one respect. One of the more prominent differentiation between fashion photography and other forms of advertising photography is the use of human models in order to provoke want. The primary focus of fashion photography.

Anatomy and physiology, Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Anatomy and physiology, Economics - Essay Example In this essay, the effects of cigarette smoking on the health of people and the economy of the nation will be discussed. According to the CDC, in the United States, about 19.8 percent of all individuals over 18 years of age smoke cigarettes. It has been estimated that 43.4 million people in the country resort to smoking. The activity is more in men than in women, While 22.3 percent of men smoke, only 17.4 percent of women smoke. The highest incidence of smoking is between the age groups 18- 44 years and the lowest incidence is in the age group beyond 65 years. American Indians/ Alaska Natives have the highest incidence rates of smoking amongst ethnics groups, the rate being as high as 36.4 percent. The lowest rate is seen amongst Asians (9.6 percent). In the year 2007, it was estimated that 20 percent of high school students resorted to smoking (CDC, 2009). The rates were similar in girls and boys. While 21 percent of boys were smoker, 19 percent of girls were smokers. As far as ethnic groups were concerned, 23 percent of White high school students, 12 percent of Hispanic high school children and 12 percent of African American students were smokers. Every day, approximately 2900 young people between 12- 17 years of age group resort to their first experience of smoking (CDC, 2009). Smoking is associated with many health-related problems and hence is a major health-related issue. It is a leading cause of illness and death all over the world and also in United States. It affects almost every organ of the body, causes many diseases and reduces the general health of the smoker. It has been estimated that 1 in every 5 deaths in the United States is related to cigarette smoking. Every year about 438,000 deaths occur due to cigarette smoking (CDC, 2009). According to CDC, for every single individual who dies due to cigarette smoking, 20 more people suffer from atleast one serious ill effects of smoking.

Liberty And Paternalism Essays -- essays research papers

LIBERTY AND PATERNALISM   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Stuart Mill and Gerald Dworkin have distinctly opposing views on legal paternalism in that Mill is adamantly against any form of paternalism, whereas Dworkin believes that there do exist circumstances in which paternalism is justified. Both agree that paternalism is justified when the well being of another person is violated or put at risk. Mill takes on a utilitarian argument, explaining that allowing an individual to exercise his freedom of free choice is more beneficial to society than deciding for him what is in his best interests. Dworkin, on the other hand, feels that certain cases require the intervention of either society as a whole or its individual members. He breaks Mill’s argument down into two distinct types, one based on utilitarianism and one based on the absolute value of free choice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After reading both articles, â€Å"Paternalism† by Dworkin and â€Å"On Liberty† by Mill, I believe that Dworkin is correct in explaining that some intervention is necessary under certain circumstances. I have come to this conclusion based on the fact that there do exist circumstances in which an individual is incapable of making a rational decision considering not only the well being of himself, but also the well being of other members of society. Also, the argument that the protection of the individual committing the action in question is not reason enough to interfere with the action is ludicrous in that one of our governments main reasons for existence is to protect the members of our society. This protection includes protection from ourselves at times when we are unable to rationally decide what is in our best interests. This essay will consist of an examination of this controversy as well as an application of my proposed conclusion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Before addressing any opposing views to my conclusion, I will first explain my reasoning. As Dworkin explains in his essay, there are circumstances when a person is unable to make a rational and logical decision for himself. The inability to make such decisions has long been a justified reason to interfere in the process, such as in cases with young children. When a young child is about to run across a busy street in order to chase his ball, the child’s parent, or any other bystander, is rightfully justified in... ...f such a decision, the government has aright to step in and help the person. This is because at this understanding of the situation, the person is not capable of making a decision that he would likely consent to at after fully understanding the situation. As in the seat belt case, often times, a person does not fully understand that not wearing a seat belt contradicts his true desires and that no possible good or benefit can come from not wearing it. However, when a person is making a rational decision between two things that he values, he is the only person that can decide which is best for him. An important condition to remember in this conclusion is that all of this is assuming that no other individuals are being harmed or put at risk by the actions of these people. Under this condition I have come to the conclusion that there do exist certain circumstances where the government has a right to legal paternalism. These circumstances include times when an individual is unable to make a rational and logical decision for himself either because he does not fully understand the issue or because he is unable to logically assign value to specific possible consequences of a decision.

Metapath Case Essay

Metapath was a hi-tech company providing software products for wireless carriers. It had a revenue of 22 million and was emerging as the premier company in its market space. The ultimate goal of the founder, Hansen, was to see the Metapath go IPO in two years. However, this company confronted two main obstacles for that goal: concentrated customers and fluctuant quarterly revenues. To expand his business and also solve these problems, Hansen need to again raise more money. Like most of the software companies, Metapath demands continuously money supply during the premature period of its life. The main financial strategy of Metaph was to raise several rounds of money by turning to venture capital investors: get money from them in exchange for Metapath’s preferred stock and a promise to redeem or convert to commom stock in event of IPO. It had raised $ 9 million in four rounds of financing before 1997, in which STI and Bessemer participated in the first two rounds. Unlike the fol lowing standard convertible preferred stock instruments, these first two rounds had a structure called â€Å"straight redeemable, cheap common†, which required a principal payment in the future, making the two classes of preferred stock more like debts. Therefore, by paying yearly (or quarterly) dividends and guarantying the safety of principle value to venture investors, Metapath raised its first four rounds of capital. Selling the company to CellTech could bring Metapath many advantages. First, CellTech offered an attractive price $115 million, relatively large for a premature company with revenue of 25.6 million and negative income -$1.9 million. Second, it was already an public company, which prevented the dilution of possible further financings. Third, by merging with CellTech, Metapath could achieve synergy from expertise of CellTech’s engineers, and the fully-formed marketing and domestic sales organization. However, since the merging was plan to be in stock exchange and CellTech had gone public only few months, information could be limited to value its stock price fairly. Also in the big environment of late 1990s, too much investments in high-tech companies made this industry overheated, and CellTech could be overvalued by analysts. For the VC option RSC offered, one big advantage was that the immediate cash flow of $11.75 million, which would be very helpful for Metapath’s operation. Another advantage was that it bought time for Metapath to initiate an independent IPO in the future, which had potential to worth more than CallTech offered. But it brought  concerns to Metapath as well. RSC brought up the strike term called â€Å"participating convertible preferred stock†, at which holder could not only convert from the preferred stock, but also in the event of sale, receive face value and participate in further consideration of common stock. This term could make a sale of Metapath extremely dilutive to the founders.

The Music Of Elvis Presley - 916 Words

There were many types of bands and many diverse forms of music coming out and showing up in the 1960’s. It was a time for a new form of music, a new sound, it was time for a revolution. There were all types of music being played and new music being created. There were all sorts of bands playing different kinds of music and playing with their own styles while taking over the airwaves. Whether it be rock, soul, or any other type of music, it was a revolution. This also led to new bands forming and breaking into the industry. In the Sixties rock music came of age and dominated the popular music charts. Elvis Presley continued to score hits in the early part of the decade, but the music continued to diversify with music like the folk revival, the Brill Building sound, Phil Spector s wall of sound, girl groups and surf music, all impacting the early part of the decade. The Motown, Stax and Atlantic labels brought more African-American artists to the forefront of the pop charts. By 1964 American artists were sharing the top of the charts with U.K. bands led by great bands like the Beatles and The Rolling Stones. In the U.S. garage bands emerge, inspired by the British Invasion sound. (RockMusicTimeline, 2010-2015) There were many bands that were ruling the airwaves and even just beginning and making their name in the music industry. From the Beatles to Led Zeppelin, all the way to Black Sabbath in the category of Rock. Songs ranging from â€Å"Hey Jude† to â€Å"Whole LottaShow MoreRelatedThe Music O f Elvis Presley898 Words   |  4 PagesThere were plenty of music coming out and showing up in the 1960’s. It was time; time for a new form of music, a new sound, it was time for a revolution. There were all types of music being played and new music being formed. There were all sorts of bands playing different kinds of music and playing with their own styles while taking over the airwaves. Whether it be rock, soul, or any other type of music, it was a revolution. This also led to new bands forming and breaking into the industry. In theRead MoreEssay on Elvis Presley and African American Music1667 Words   |  7 Pagesagain agree on anything as we agreed on Elvis.† (Bangs 1) Elvis not only made significant contributions to the music industry, but he became the most famous idol across the world and in the U.S.A. Elvis Presley was regarded as one of most influential rock n’ roll performers of the century. If you say â€Å"The King of Rock† everyone will automatically know you are talking about Elvis Presley. Through his music, Elvis paved the road for African Americans to the music world, and he had essentially revolutionizedRead MoreElvis Presleys Influence on American Culture Essay1236 Words   |  5 Pages Elvis Presley is one of the biggest names in rock and roll. Singer, musician and actor he was an American icon. He is best known as the King of Rock and Roll. His musical influence included the country and pop music of the time, the gospel music he sang in church and the black RB mus ic he listened to as a teenager (Comprehensive History of Elvis Presley’s Dynamic Life). Elvis has influenced American culture not only while he was living but also in today’s 21st century. It wasn’t easy for him toRead MoreThe Impact of Rock n Roll on the Civil Rights Movement1590 Words   |  7 Pagesstarted at the same time. The genre originated from African American music and was greatly discriminated against. Traditional white Americans would target anything bad about it. But as the teenager demographic of the 1950s started increasing the sales of the music, the genre started gaining more popularity. It was the style of Elvis Presley and his new voice that made girls weak in the knees and boys want to be him. Artists such as Presley had enough influence to change the view of their devoted fans onRead MoreHow Elvis Influenced And Changed The Entertainment Industry Of Rock N Roll Era1408 Words   |  6 Pagesappropriately analyze the question of â€Å"Ho w Elvis influenced and changed the entertainment industry of Rock ‘n’ Roll† the reader must first clearly define and understand the timing and age of the development of his musical career as well as the characteristics of his music. When attempting to clearly understand the implications of his influence on the era, the reader must fully comprehend his early life and the development of his musical career, the type of music he portrayed to his audience, and how heRead MoreElvis Presley Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesElvis Presley Essay When historians look at history and at reasons why society changed many focus on conflicts like wars, civil rights, and poverty. However, there is so much more that over time changed America. One of the most influential subjects that helped this change was Elvis Presley. Through his music, which was influenced by black artists, he allowed white Americans to view a new group of performers. He tested social boundaries that helped him change American culture. His appearance andRead MoreElvis Presley : An American Legend750 Words   |  3 PagesBrenden Blakney Lit II P.9 Elvis Presley Biography On the 8th of January in 1935, Gladys Presley (mother) and Vernon Presley (father) gave birth to twins. One of which is an American legend known as Elvis Presley, and the other Jessie Garon was stillborn. That left Elvis growing up in Tupelo, Mississippi as an only child in a working class family. In Tupelo Elvis’ family had many relatives, close by such as uncles, aunts, and grandparents. His family had little income, but Gladys and Vernon didRead MoreElvis Presley Influences876 Words   |  4 Pagesaccomplished or done. These influential individuals have strengths and weaknesses and are remembered for both. Elvis Aaron Presley can be seen as influential because he greatly affected the music business. He paved the road for Rock n’ Roll and after all he was a very respected individual. Elvis was unique and different and held very great attributes. He pushed the boundaries and limits of music, and he showed his style and personality through his work. â€Å"In 1954, the performer kicked off a musical revolutionRead MoreElvis Presley : The King Of Rock And Roll1674 Words   |  7 PagesElvis Presley, though having a troubled childhood would not have expected anything that headed his way; He was a normal child whose family was struggling to make ends meet. His father was incarcerated for doing illegal activities, making difficult for young Presley to wish for something more. As he grew up, Presley was involved in the schools singing service and had participated in the fair singing contest winning second place; thus showing Elvis’s love for singing. Despite after graduation, he simplyRead MoreControversy with Elvis Presley968 Words   |  4 PagesRock and roll music existed before Elvis Presley came along, but with his arrival on the performing scene, Americans could ignore it no longer. In 1956, he strode in front of a television camera for the first time as the provocative image of a high school hood and achieved an instant rapport with millions of U.S. teenagers who were experiencing their own adolescent rebellion. Hip-wiggling gyrations that brought a storm of protest from the adult world reinforced

The Men of Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale...

The Men of Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston In Their Eyes Were Watching God, by Zora Neale Hurston, the reader is given a particular glimpse into Janies life with reference to the men she has known. Janies three men are all very different, yet they were all Janies husband at one point in her life. Although they all behaved differently, in lifestyle as well as their relationship with Janie, they all shared certain similarities. Janies first husband was a poor old soul named Logan Killicks. He was an ugly, dirty farmer whose prime concern for Janie was that she do her share of the work in order to keep the farm up and running. Janie was simply another pair of hands to do some work.†¦show more content†¦He believed they were unintelligent and could not make their own decisions, a view that was almost alien to someone like Tea Cake Woods. Tea Cake was Janies third husband. He was a simple person who returned kindness for kindness. He saw women as equal human beings and told them that. He was very passive in thought, but smart in his own ways. His desire in life was to love and be loved. Like Joe, Tea Cake gave Janie everything she ever wanted, but in different ways. Joe was a rich man who could buy Janie anything she desired. Tea Cake was a migrant farmer and occasional gambler who only had the shirt on his back. Joe owned the only store in his town, and Logan owned a farm with more than sixty acres of land. Economically, these men were all different, but strove just the same to give Janie what they could. Although Logan saw Janie as another hired hand on his farm, he knew that if he wanted to keep her he would still have to spoil her. Yo Grandma and me myself done spoilt you now, and Ah reckon Ah have tuh keep on wid it (26). However, Logan did have Janie out plowing the fields and chopping potatoes. When she met Joe, he said, You behind a plow! You aint got no mo business wid uh plow than uh hog is got wid uh holiday! You aint go no business cuttin up no seed ptaters neither. A pretty doll-baby lak you is made to si on de front porch and rock and fan yoself and eat ptaters dat other folks plant just specialShow MoreRelatedTheir Eyes Were Watching God By Zora Neale Hurston And Of Mice And Men1508 Words   |  7 Pages social acceptance and companionship, in the hope that once these things are obtained one will feel complete. In the novels Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston and Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, readers witness the characters struggle to find the ir identity while also trying to meet the need for partnership. In the novel Their Eyes Were Watching God, readers see the main character Janie, grow as a women while showing that marriage does not always mean love and that until you findRead More Zora Neale Hurston Essay1149 Words   |  5 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Zora Neale Hurston was a phenomenal woman. At the height of her success she was known as the â€Å"Queen of the Harlem Renaissance.† She came to overcome obstacles that were placed in front of her. Hurston rose from poverty to fame and lost it all at the time of her death. Zora had an unusual life; she was a child that was forced to grow up to fast. But despite Zora Neale Hurston’s unsettled life, she managed to surmount every obstacle to become one of the most profound authorsRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God1019 Words   |  4 PagesZora Neale Hurston’s novel highly praised novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, was once denounced by many critics because it was categorized as a feminist novel. However, through further analyzation, the novel is now viewed simply as a protagonist developing a feminist conscience throughout her marriages. Zora Neale Hurston was born in Natasulga, Alabama on January 7, 1891. Mrs. Hurston was the fifth of eight children to John Hurston, a carpenter and Baptist preacher, and Lucy Potts Hurston, aRead MoreZora Neale Hurston1163 Words   |  5 PagesZora Neale Hurston Zora Neale Hurston was a phenomenal woman. At the height of her success she was known as the Queen of the Harlem Renaissance. She came to overcome obstacles that were placed in front of her. Hurston rose from poverty to fame and lost it all at the time of her death. Zora had an unusual life; she was a child that was forced to grow up to fast. But despite Zora Neale Hurstons unsettled life, she managed to surmount every obstacle to become one of the most profound authorsRead MoreJody Starks s All Of The Men1716 Words   |  7 PagesAs we can see Janie is using her voice to defend herself against what Jody Starks says to her, but Janie embarrasses Jody in front of all of the men because of what she says about Jody. This is the first time in the novel that Hurston gives Janie a voice/agency because usually Janie stays quiet and keeps her thoughts to herself. As the novel evolves Janie finally begins to gain a sense of voice and agency and gains the ability to be able to speak up for what she wants because in the beginning ofRead More The Conveyance of Emotion in the Writing of Zora Neale Hurston1668 Words   |  7 PagesWriting of Zora Neale Hurston Sharpening Her Oyster Knife: I am not tragically colored. There is no great sorrow dammed up in my soul, nor lurking behind my eyes. I do not mind at all. I do not belong to the sobbing school of Negrohood who hold that nature somehow has given them a lowdown dirty deal and whose feelings are all hurt about it....No, I do not weep at the world -- I am too busy sharpening my oyster knife. ___Zora Neale HurstonRead More Janie’s Growth in Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston1356 Words   |  6 PagesJanie’s Growth in Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston    In the novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, by Zora Neale Hurston, Janie has allowed us to better understand the restraints that women in society had to deal with in a male dominated society. Her marriage with Logan Killicks consisted of dull, daily routines.   Wedding herself to Joe Starks brought her closer to others, than to herself.   In her final marriage to Vergible Woods, also known as Tea Cake, she finally learnedRead MoreOprah Had No Eyes to See Her Make a Monstrosity1500 Words   |  6 PagesOprah Had No Eyes to See Her Make a Monstrosity Oprah’s movie did Zora Neale Hurston’s novel, Their Eyes Were Watching God, an injustice when Oprah changed the entire purpose of the book. The changes made to characters, relationships, and the effects of symbolism makes the story unrecognizable. Their Eyes Were Watching God transforms into a love story and the title changes which alters the entire plot, even some settings change. Oprah truly slaughtered a work of art and her ignorance of the meaningRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God1571 Words   |  7 PagesZora Neale Hurston and her novel Their Eyes Were Watching God During the Harlem Renaissance, African Americans experience a cultural exposure in literature art. It was a period of great achievement in African-American art and literature during the 1920s and 1930s. This surge gave birth to several authors, playwrights and dramatists, such as Zora Neale Hurston. Zora Neale Hurston is now considered among the foremost authors of that period, having published four novels, three nonfiction works, andRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching By Zora Hurston1172 Words   |  5 PagesThe book their eyes were watching was written by Zora Hurston, and she tells the life story of a girl named Janie. It starts off with a metaphor explaining that women are the type to chase their dreams and even when it seems they can never accomplish it they never lose sight of it. Men on the other type to have dreams but instead of chasing like how Zora says women do they want their dream to come to them. The book is a frame narrative being and told by Zora but switches from Ja nie s point of view

The Life and Times of Sir Isaac Newton Essay - 1609 Words

Sir Isaac Newton was born on January 4, 1643 (based on the Gregorian calendar) in Woolsthorpe, Lincolnshire, England. Growing up, he was never really close to his parents because his biological father died three months before he was born. Then, his mother remarried and left him to be raised by his grandparents. It was not until 1661, when Newton started studying at Cambridge University, that Newton took an interest in math and science. Then, in 1665, Newton was forced to go home because of an epidemic outbreak. During his time away from school, Newton started studying optics, math, and gravity. In addition, he started to create Calculus. Newton was allowed to return to Cambridge in 1667, and in 1669, he became a math professor. In†¦show more content†¦A few scientists who lived just before Newton’s life were Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Robert Hooke. Copernicus discovered the heliocentric theory. This idea was revolutionary because before his theory , people believed that the sun revolved around the earth (geocentric theory). However, Copernicus presented the theory that the earth revolved around the sun (heliocentric theory). Another scientist, Galileo Galilei, created the first telescope. Thus, with his new invention, he was able to see the Milky Way, features of the Moon, and Jupiter’s moons. While observing Jupiter’s moons, he saw that the moons orbited around Jupiter, not earth. With this new information, he was able to disprove the geocentric theory because Jupiter’s moons did not orbit around Earth, but rather Jupiter. Galileo also found that everything fell at the same speed. He tested this theory by dropping two balls (one heavier and one lighter) off of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. They both hit the ground at the same time (â€Å"Astronomy and Space for Kids†). In addition, Galileo proposed the idea of inertia (â€Å"The Scientific Revolution†). Robert Hooke was another notab le scientist of that time. Hooke created the law of elasticity. This law states that, â€Å"the stretching of a solid body (e.g., metal, wood) is proportional to the force applied to it† (The Editors of Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica). Hooke also invented the Gregorian reflecting telescope. Through this inventionShow MoreRelatedSir Isaac Newton was one of the greatest physicist and mathematicians of all time. He was born in1600 Words   |  7 PagesSir Isaac Newton was one of the greatest physicist and mathematicians of all time. He was born in England on December 25, 1642 on Christmas. He died at the age of eighty four on March 20, 1727. Newton was never married and never had any children. Though he did have three siblings from his mother’s second marriage. Some of Newton’s achievements in physics and mathematics are; Newton’s law of universal gravitation, Newton’s three laws of motion, calculus, refraction of light, reflecting telescopeRead Mor eInformative Speech Essay833 Words   |  4 Pagesearly life experiences and with the knowledge he left behind, Sir Isaac Newton was able to develop calculus, natural forces, and optics. From birth to early childhood, Isaac Newton overcame many personal, social, and mental hardships. It is through these experiences that helped create him to be the person we know today, that is why he is worthy of the Scientist of the Century award. Introduction 1. Attention-getter: What we know is a drop, what we don’t know is an ocean. said Isaac NewtonRead MoreNewtons Negative Neglect1034 Words   |  5 PagesNegative Neglect Isaac Newton faced many hardships in his lifetime, yet managed to be internationally famous for his genius mathematical and physical discoveries, and remarkable inventions. Newton was extraordinary in the sense that he was able to endure complications in life and still be an enormous success. The majority of individuals would have cracked under the predicaments Newton faced. Newton overcame neglect by suppressing his emotions, defeating limitations of his time, and becoming oneRead MoreSir Isaac Newton: An Important Figure in Scientific History1131 Words   |  5 PagesSir Isaac Newton History has been characterized by important discoveries made by the worlds scientists. These men and women are responsible for everything that has led humanity from the cave-dwelling Neanderthals of ancient times to the position that they hold today. Scientists are responsible for the wheel, for fire, for tools, for every single thing that people have come to accept as a part of existence. Without scientific investigation, people could not progress and society as a whole wouldRead MoreThe Genius Of Sir Isaac Newton1687 Words   |  7 Pages History has had its fair share of phenomenal scientists, but none can overshadow the genius of Sir Isaac Newton. Isaac Newton was born on January 4, 1643. His father died before he was born and he lived in Colsterworth in Lincolnshire with his grandparents and three siblings. Isaac Newton was know to be quite secluded as a young boy. Young Newton had a knack for model making and art, for example, he made a working model of a windmill at some point in his childhood. He also made other things suchRead MoreThe Contributions of Isaac Newton Essay1342 Words   |  6 Pages Sir Isaac Newton was a well educated person. He wrote on many topics including math, science, religion, and even philosophy. He also held many high ranking positions such as a member of the Royal Society and being the Master of the Mint. Information about his life and achievements will be discussed in the following paragraphs, along with how the achievements relate to the humanities base theme of faith and reason. Sir Isaac Newton was born on Christmas Day in 1642. This is theRead MoreThe Contributions of Isaac Newton Essay1352 Words   |  6 PagesNature and natures laws lay hid in night: God said, let Newton be! And all was light. - - Alexander Pope The Enlightenment characterizes a philosophical movement of the 18th century that emphasized the use of reason to analyze and scrutinize all previously accepted traditions and doctrines. Through this application of scientific method to all aspects of life, the role of science gradually replaced the role of religion. Sir Isaac Newton, quite possibly one of the most intelligent men to existRead MoreSir Isaac Newton : The Father Of Modern Physics1185 Words   |  5 Pageswould be remembered Sir Isaac Newton once said,I do not know what I may appear to the world; but to myself I seem to have been only like a boy playing on the seashore, and diverting myself now and then in finding a smoother pebble or prettier shell than ordinary, while the great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me(bio.com)†Today, one of the most highly regarded scientists is still Sir Isaac Newton. He should be remembered as the father of modern physics. Sir Isaac Newton was born on Jan 4Read More Sir Isaac Newtons Role in the Enlightenment Essay1558 Words   |  7 Pages Isaac Newton had a huge impact on the Enlightenment, he influenced it scientifically in many ways and he influenced faith and reason in a tremendous way. He was known more for his scientific achievements then his religious works.His background and education affected when he made these great achievements. Isaac Newton born on December 25,1642 in Woolsthorpe, England grew up, he was the most important physicist and mathematician of all time.1 Newton attended Cambridge where he studied mathematicsRead MoreThe Life of Isaac Newton777 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout the span of Isaac Newton’s life time, he accomplished, dreamed, and achieved what others thought were impossible. He was a curious man, with a passion to learn and discover the undiscovered. Newton uncovered scientific answers that lead the way to influential discoveries in motion and mathemati cs, optics, and also physics. He was not only an educated physicist and mathematician, but experienced and established in his frame of study. To say Newton was â€Å"just a scientist† would be an understatement

A Levels Free Essays

w w ap eP m e tr .X w *6364028069* 9701/05 CHEMISTRY Paper 5 Planning, analysis and evaluation October/November 2007 1 hour 15 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. We will write a custom essay sample on A Levels or any similar topic only for you Order Now READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Answer all questions. You are advised to show all working in calculations. Use of Data Booklet is unnecessary. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. For Examiner’s Use 1 2 Total This document consists of 9 printed pages and 3 blank pages. SPA (NF/CGW) T30933/8  © UCLES 2007 [Turn over om .c s er UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Level and Advanced Level 2 1 The hydroxides of Group I metals (LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH) are highly corrosive white solids which rapidly absorb water vapour on exposure to the atmosphere. All of these solids dissolve exothermically in water. The enthalpy change of solution, ? Hsoln, is the energy change associated with the following reaction. M represents the Group I metal. M +(aq) + OH–(aq) M OH(s) + (aq) The following diagram represents theoretical stages in the formation of aqueous MOH. M +(g) + OH-(g) + (aq) lattice energy hydration enthalpy of the ions H hydration M OH(s) + (aq) H soln M +(aq) + OH-(aq) Lattice energy and hydration enthalpy are both more exothermic when ions carry a higher charge and/or ions have a smaller radius. When comparing Group I hydroxides, changes in ? Hhydration are more significant than changes in lattice energy. (a) By considering trends in the size and charge of the ions, predict the likely trend in ? Hsoln from LiOH to CsOH and sketch your prediction. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Hsoln LiOH NaOH KOH RbOH CsOH [2]  © UCLES 2007 9701/05/O/N/07 For Examiner’s Use 3 (b) The enthalpy change of solution, ? Hsoln, for any Group I hydroxide can be measured For Examiner’s Use experimentally in the laboratory. In experiments to compare ? Hsoln for LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH state the independent variable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ , the dependent variable †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. the other variable to be controlled †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. . [3] (c) Draw a labelled diagram to show the apparatus you would use to obtain data from which ? Hsoln could be determined. From the information given on page 2 and the apparatus you plan to use, identify two possible sources of error in the experiment and state how you would minimise the effect of each. rror 1 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ error 2 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ [3] d) Identify a health and safety risk in the experiment and explain how you would minimise it when carrying out the experimen t. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ [2]  © UCLES 2007 9701/05/O/N/07 Turn over 4 (e) Describe the procedure you would carry out to find the enthalpy change of solution, ? Hsoln, for one of the Group I hydroxides. Your plan should give a step-by-step description of the method, including †¢ how you would measure the independent variable, †¢ how you would measure the dependent variable, †¢ appropriate masses and volumes of reagents. The following data may be of use in planning the detail of your experiment. Ar: Li, 6. 9; Na, 23. 0; K, 39. 1; Rb, 85. 5; Cs, 133. 0, O, 16. 0; H, 1. 0 4. 3 J are required to raise the temperature of 1. cm3 of any solution by 1 °C. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ 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[4]  © UCLES 2007 9701/05/O/N/07 For Examiner’s Use For Examiner’s Use 5 (f) The procedure is repeated for each of the Group I hydroxides. Show how you would tabulate the results for all the experiments. [1] (g) Show how you would use the results of one experiment to calculate the enthalpy change of solution, ? Hsoln, for the reaction. [1] [Total: 16]  © UCLES 2007 9701/05/O/N/07 [Turn over 6 2 Students were asked to investigate how the rate of reaction between magnesium ribbon and hydrochloric acid varied with change in concentration of the acid. 2HCl(aq) + Mg(s) MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) Student 1, looking at the equation, suggested the following. rate of production of hydrogen gas = k[HCl ]2 This student used the following apparatus to investigate the rate of production of hydrogen gas, H2. gas syringe magnesium ribbon dilute hydrochloric acid The student used a 500 cm3 measuring cylinder to measure 100 cm3 of dilute acid into a conical flask. A 1 cm length (0. 1 g) of magnesium ribbon was dropped into the acid in the flask and the stopper quickly replaced in the flask. The stop-clock was started and the volume of gas collected was measured at 0. 5 minute intervals. The results of the experiment were recorded as shown in the table below. time / min time / min volume of H2 / cm3 0. 5 15. 5 5. 5 80. 0 1. 0 25. 0 6. 0 82. 5 1. 5 34. 0 6. 5 85. 0 2. 0 43. 0 7. 0 87. 0 2. 5 51. 0 7. 5 87. 5 3. 0 59. 0 8. 0 91. 0 3. 5 65. 0 8. 5 92. 5 4. 0 69. 5 9. 0 93. 5 4. 5 74. 0 9. 5 94. 5 5. 0  © UCLES 2007 volume of H2 / cm3 75. 0 10. 0 95. 0 9701/05/O/N/07 For Examiner’s Use For Examiner’s Use 7 (a) Plot a graph of volume of hydrogen produced against time. [2] (b) Identify clearly on your graph any anomalous readings and suggest a reason for these anomalous readings. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ [1] (c) On the graph you have plotted, construct a line from which you can calculate the initial rate of reaction. Calculate the initial rate of reaction and show your working. initial rate = †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. cm3 min–1 [2]  © UCLES 2007 9701/05/O/N/07 [Turn over 8 (d) By considering the experimental method described, explain why the plotted line does not pass through 0,0. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1] (e) Identify a further source of error in the method described and suggest a change to the method to reduce this error. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1] (f) Students 2-8 carried out similar experiments with different concentrations of acid. The initial rate of reaction was calculated for each of their experiments and is shown in the table below. Enter in the table the initial rate you have calculated for Student 1. student volume of acid used / cm3 volume of water used / cm3 mass of magnesium used /g initial rate relative concentration of acid / cm3 min–1 1 100 0 0. 01 2 45 55 0. 01 8. 0 3 90 10 0. 01 16. 4 4 60 40 0. 01 11. 5 5 100 100 0. 01 9. 3 6 35 65 0. 01 6. 8 7 80 How to cite A Levels, Papers

Greek mythology allusions Essay Example For Students

Greek mythology allusions Essay On the other hand, Death in Venice is also very heavy in symbolism. The color red runs through the center of this novel, signifying the color of love and passion, as well as the color of anger and the Devil. The color red is first shown when von Aschenbach encounters the red- haired stranger in the cemetery, with red-lashed eyes. This man is what inspires von Aschenbach to travel to Venice, and this strange man connects to the other strange men whom von Aschenbach meets throughout the journey the old man on the boat to Venice who dresses up young with red rouge, the gondolier with reddish eyebrows and the clown with reddish eyebrows all four wearing a sort of headgear and possess naked Adam apples, disappears suddenly and curls their lips back to bare gums. It seems that the similarities of these peculiar men are not so coincidental, but rather, destiny as they foreshadow the events that leads to von Aschenbachs death as well as the inevitability of his death. The first man leads von Aschenbach to a vacation to Venice, where after encountering him von Aschenbach sees the vision of a rainforest and decides to go to Venice. The rainforest can rather be paralleled to Ganges Delta, a tropical rainforest where cholera originated and this is significant because the vision can be an omen to von Aschenbachs death from the tropical disease. The second man foreshadows what von Aschenbach will come to be after falling in love, where he dresses up himself, dye his hair and use rouge to make himself look younger to Tadzio. The third man foreshadows von Aschenbachs death upon entering Venice, as upon boarding the gondola, von Aschenbach feels like entering a peculiarly black coffin recalls death, a dismal burial and a final silent voyage. Von Aschenach is also unable to control where the gondolier takes him, like how his passion towards Tadzio is uncontrollable and death comes uncontrollably. The forth man foreshadows von Aschenbachs death due to cholera, where he smells of carbolic acid, the disinfectant to prevent against cholera. He also has the closest physical contact to von Aschenbach, signifying that death is coming close. The color red is also prominent when von Aschenbach first consumes large, fully ripened strawberries when seeing Yashu kissing Tadzio, which symbolizes his anger and jealousy; and then von Aschenbach drinks a ruby red pomegranate juice when he meets the clown; lastly he consumes overriped strawberries bought from the infected streets of Venice, where he contracts cholera and dies. This has sufficiently showed that the color red is all along foreshadowing his death in Venice and his cause of death. Besides, the fact that Mann chooses Venice as the setting is significant because we can compare Venice to von Aschenbach, because Venice is hiding the disease infecting the city and corrupting it in within, to trap tourists; just as von Aschenbach is convincing himself that his passion towards the young boy is nothing wrong to do. Allusions from Greek mythology are also important in showing von Aschenbachs affection towards Tadzio. The fact that Greek mythology has a part in von Aschenbachs thoughts shows his intellectuality and demonstrates his huge effort to explain and justify the attraction he has towards a young boy, at the same time he creates excuses to remain passionate and obsessed. Von Aschenbach compares himself to Socrates and Tadzio to Phaedrus, where in Platos theory that both of them has a conversation about love and comes with a conclusion that pure love can only exist between males, and better, a man and boy. .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea , .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea .postImageUrl , .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea , .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea:hover , .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea:visited , .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea:active { border:0!important; } .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea:active , .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue4db2e15bcffd3e4f9963d71e248cbea:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Greek And Roman Architecture Essay PaperThis allusion contributes to von Aschenbachs decision that his obsession is normal or rather noble, thus enabling him to continue to degrade into the pool of passion and obsession. It is also ironic that von Aschenbach compares Tadzios smile to the smile of Narcissus, because Greek myth states that Narcissus refuses all love offers, which shows that von Aschenbach knows that Tadzio might not return to his love offer and yet, at different parts of the story it seems that Tadzio is constantly beckoning and looking von Aschenbach into his eyes. Manns writing is also based on the philosophy of Nietzche on Apollo and Dionysus where men can either be in one side; and von Aschenbach has fully represented the shift from Apollonian to Dionysian. Apollo is the god of reason and intellect; whereas Dionysus is the god of passion and unreason and thus, portrays von Aschenbachs transition from a stiff, scheduled, ordered man into a man of uncontrollable emotions and obsession. This, also supports Manns theory that he wishes to express from this story the ability of passion in degrading a persons intellectuality. Death in Venice effectively portrays the process of a man losing his self conscious and common sense to degrade into a state of passion and obsession, through the authors use of effective literary devices and Greek mythology allusions. The readers can easily understand the authors theory that he wants to express, and the story line is very fixed and expected (since the title has already concluded the ending) and there is no possible way how this story can end due to the frequent foreshadowings and symbolisms, thus making it a very interesting book to read.

Dolphins Talking Essays - Animal Communication, Animal Intelligence

Dolphin's Talking Bottlenose dolphins are among the most vocal of the nonhuman animals and exhibit remarkable development of the sound production and auditory mechanisms. This can be seen in audition, which is shown in the animal`s highly refined echolocation ability, and in tightly organized schools in which they live that are made up by sound communication. In testing the communication skills of dolphins, extensive studies have been done on vocal mimicry, in which the animal imitates computer-generated sounds in order to test motor control in terms of cognitive ability. Language comprehension on the other hand has been tested through labeling of objects, which has proven to be successful regarding the association of sound and object stimulus. The biggest question in dolphin communication, is whether or not the species is capable of intentional communicative acts. Though results from studies have been debatable, the key to understanding the extent to this language is to determine whether they have a repertoire of grammatical rules that generate organized sequences. In determining this, the greatest accomplishment for both the scientist and all of humanity, would be to accomplish interspecies communication, creating a bridge between humans and animals which could open up a new understanding of the unknown world of wildlife. Most importantly, it is necessary to understand the incredible aptitude of dolphin communicative skills, and the impressive intelligence the animal possesses which allows for a great deal of intraspecies and interspecies communication (Schusterman, Thomas, & Wood, 1986). The acoustical reception and processing abilities of the bottlenosed dolphins have generally been shown to be among the most sophisticated of any animal so far examined (Popper, 1980 as cited by Schusterman et al. 1986). In order to understand the complexity of these highly mechanized acoustic systems, it is necessary to learn the process for which the dolphin hears. In most water-adapted cetaceans, tissue conduction is the primary route of sound conduction to the middle ear. The isolation of the bullae shows an adaptation for tissue-conducted sound. The lower jaw contains fat that is closely associated with the impedance of seawater. The lower jawbone of most odontocetes becomes broadened and quite thin posteriorly, and the fat forms an oval shape that closely corresponds to the area of minimum thickness of the jaw. This fat body leads directly to the bulla, producing a sound path to the ear structures located deep within the head. Paired and single air sacs are scattered throughout the skull, which serve to channel these tissue-conducted sounds (Popov & Supin, 1991). Other than this description, there are still more studies needed to determine the function of the middle ear and the type of bone conduction that occurs within the bulla. Due to detailed audiograms, dolphins have been shown to have the ability to detect high-frequency sounds. In an experiment by Johnson (1966) as cited in Schusterman et al. (1986), sine-wave sounds ranging in frequency from 75 Hz to 150 Hz were presented to a bottle-nosed dolphin. The animal was trained to swim in a stationary area within a stall and to watch for a light to come on. Following the light presentation a sound was sometimes presented. If the dolphin heard the sound, its task was to leave the area and push a lever. Sound intensity levels were varied by a staircase method of 1, 2, or 3 dB steps. The resulting audiogram, compared to the human aerial audiogram, showed that at regions of best sensitivity for each, thresholds for human and dolphin are quite similar, but separated by about 50 kHz in frequency, showing that the animals inner ear function is very similar to a human. The experiments done on dolphin auditory functions have generally shown a finely adapted sound reception system. This would be expected due to the highly adapted echolocation ability of the bottlenosed dolphin and other cetaceans. Results of work on absolute thresholds, critical bandwidths, frequency discrimination, and sound localization all indicate that the dolphin auditory system is at least as good or better than the human system. This is in spite of the fact that sound travels five times as fast under water as it does in air (Popov et al. 1991). The bottlenosed dolphin in captivity produces two categories of vocalizations: (a) narrow-band, frequency-varying, continuous tonal sounds referred to as whistles and (b) broad-band pulsed sounds expressed as trains of very short duration clicks of varying rates (Evans, 1967, as cited in Schusterman et al. 1986). The pulsed sounds are used for both communication and echolocation, and the whistles are found to be used primarily for communication (Herman & Tavolga, 1980, as